Evaluation of Immunoinflammatory and Metabolic Markers in Obesity-Related Disorders

Authors

  • Ramiar Kamal Kheder Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania 46012, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq , Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq Author
  • Baiz Hamad Abdalla Biology Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania 46012, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. , Ministry of Health, Rania teaching hospital, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31530/cjnst.2026.2.1.4

Keywords:

Obesity, immune-inflammatory markers, metabolic markers

Abstract

Background: Obesity induces alterations in the immune system, liver function tests, inflammation, glucose metabolism, and insulin resistance, all of which may culminate in diabetes.

Aim: The study aimed to identify immune-inflammatory markers and differences insulin resistance in the obese and normal participants.

Methodology: The results of a laboratory study comparing the obese individuals with the control participants were analyzed in this quantitative cross-sectional study. The body mass index (BMI) of thirty-two participants (18.2-25) was chosen as the controls. Sixty-eight participants whose BMI exceeded 30 kg/m² were assigned in the " obese" (case) participants. Markers of inflammation and immunity, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC) count, and lymphocytes, were analyzed.  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for Interleukin -1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were used as markers for pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA-1c), glucose, insulin, and adiponectin tests for diabetes and insulin resistance. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), liver function tests such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were used.

Results: The result showed that the obese participants had higher levels of body weight, fat percentage, CRP, WBC, and lymphocytes compared to the control participants. Also, IL-1 β levels was higher, and IL-10 levels was lower in the obese participants compared to the control participants. Adiponectin, insulin, blood glucose, HbA-1c%, were higher in the obese participants compared to the control participants. In addition, TSH, AST and ALT were higher in the obese participants compared to the control participants.

Conclusion: Our research determined that immune-inflammatory markers, obesity and liver function tests were higher in the obese participants, which leads to the development of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes mellitus.

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Published

2026-04-16

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Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): June 2026

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How to Cite

Kheder, R., & Hamad, B. (2026). Evaluation of Immunoinflammatory and Metabolic Markers in Obesity-Related Disorders. Charmo Journal of Natural Sciences and Technologies, 2(1), 44-52. https://doi.org/10.31530/cjnst.2026.2.1.4